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PAHs are a class of organic compounds containing two or more benzene rings. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons whose molecules contain more than two benzene rings, including more than 150 compounds such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene. Some PAHs also contain nitrogen, sulphur and cyclopentane. Most of the commonly encountered carcinogenic PAHs are four- to six-ring fused-ring compounds. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) listed 94 compounds carcinogenic to experimental animals in 1976, of which 15 are PAHs. Because benzo[a]pyrene was the first environmental chemical carcinogen discovered and is strongly carcinogenic, it is often used as the representative of PAHs, accounting for 1%-20% of all carcinogenic PAHs.
The main sites affected by PAHs in the human body are the respiratory tract and skin. Long-term exposure to PAH-contaminated environments can cause acute or chronic harm. Common symptoms include photodermatitis, acneiform dermatitis, folliculitis and warty growths.
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