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The mechanical properties of a material are the mechanical characteristics it exhibits when subjected to various external loads (tension, compression, bending, torsion, impact, alternating stress, etc.) in different environments (temperature, humidity, medium).
Many factors affect mechanical properties: polymer structure, such as polymer type, molecular weight and its distribution and degree of crystallinity; moulding and processing, such as the method and conditions that change crystallinity and orientation and introduce specimen defects; and test conditions such as temperature, humidity and rate, which can lead to poor repeatability. Mechanical property testing therefore follows strict standards, with unified requirements for specimen dimensions and shape.