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A clinical thermometer is a device for measuring body temperature. There are many types: some rely on the thermal expansion of mercury or another liquid, others use a temperature sensor. Body temperature is normally measured at the forehead, ear canal, oral cavity, armpit or rectum. Medical thermometers include traditional mercury thermometers, electronic thermometers and infrared forehead thermometers.
Mercury thermometers are the most stable and show the smallest deviation, but the digits are small and the measuring time is long, which makes them inconvenient for elderly people and for anyone whose condition is unstable.
Electronic clinical thermometers measure temperature quickly and display the reading directly. They are suitable for oral measurement and can be used for first aid, screening or at home. They contain no mercury and are therefore safer to use, and the electronic display allows the result to be read repeatedly.
An infrared forehead thermometer, also called an infrared temperature gun, measures body temperature accurately within one second: simply point the probe at the forehead and press the button. The principle is simple. Any object above absolute zero (-273 degC) radiates infrared energy. An infrared probe detects the intensity of that radiation, and after amplification and analogue-to-digital conversion the temperature is displayed on the LCD.